This is the Project Document for the Water and Environmental Management Project of the Aral Sea Basin Program. The project addresses those issues of the Aral Sea Basin which have been identified in a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and which can only be addressed by a regional approach. As such they meet two of the criteria for GEF eligibilityfor International Waterways, namely priority issues and need for a regional approach. The TDA is summarized in Table 7 of the Annex of Tables and serves as an Executive Summary of the project.